Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances
Printable version
1. Current rates and allowances
How much Income Tax you pay in each tax year depends on:
- how much of your income is above your Personal Allowance
- how much of your income falls within each tax band
The current tax year is from 6 April 2024 to 5 April 2025.
This guide is also available in Welsh (Cymraeg).
Your tax-free Personal Allowance
The standard Personal Allowance is £12,570, which is the amount of income you do not have to pay tax on.
Your Personal Allowance may be bigger if you claim Marriage Allowance or Blind Person’s Allowance. It’s smaller if your income is over £100,000.
Income Tax rates and bands
The table shows the tax rates you pay in each band if you have a standard Personal Allowance of £12,570.
Income tax bands are different if you live in Scotland.
| Band | Taxable income | Tax rate |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Allowance | Up to £12,570 | 0% |
| Basic rate | £12,571 to £50,270 | 20% |
| Higher rate | £50,271 to £125,140 | 40% |
| Additional rate | over £125,140 | 45% |
You can also see the rates and bands without the Personal Allowance. You do not get a Personal Allowance on taxable income over £125,140.
If you’re employed or get a pension
Check your Income Tax to see:
- your Personal Allowance and tax code
- how much tax you’ve paid in the current tax year
- how much you’re likely to pay for the rest of the year
Other allowances
You have tax-free allowances for:
- savings interest
- dividend income, if you own shares in a company
You may also have tax-free allowances for:
- your first £1,000 of income from self-employment - this is your ‘trading allowance’
- your first £1,000 of income from property you rent (unless you’re using the Rent a Room Scheme)
Find out whether you’re eligible for the trading and property allowances.
You pay tax on any interest, dividends or income over your allowances.
Paying less Income Tax
You may be able to claim Income Tax reliefs if you’re eligible for them.
If you’re married or in a civil partnership
You may be able to claim Marriage Allowance to reduce your partner’s tax if your income is less than the standard Personal Allowance.
If you do not claim Marriage Allowance and you or your partner were born before 6 April 1935, you may be able to claim Married Couple’s Allowance.
2. Previous tax years
The standard Personal Allowance from 6 April 2023 to 5 April 2024 was £12,570.
| Tax rate | Taxable income above your Personal Allowance for 2023 to 2024 |
|---|---|
| Basic rate 20% | £0 to £50,270 People with the standard Personal Allowance started paying this rate on income over £12,570 |
| Higher rate 40% | £50,271 to £125,140 People with the standard Personal Allowance started paying this rate on income over £50,270 |
| Additional rate 45% | Over £125,141 |
Example
You had £35,000 of taxable income and you got the standard Personal Allowance of £12,570. You paid basic rate tax at 20% on £22,430 (£35,000 minus £12,570).
Your Personal Allowance would have been smaller if your income was over £100,000, or bigger if you got Marriage Allowance or Blind Person’s Allowance.
Other rates and earlier tax years
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) publishes tables with full rates and allowances for current and past tax years.
3. Income over £100,000
Your Personal Allowance goes down by £1 for every £2 that your adjusted net income is above £100,000. This means your allowance is zero if your income is £125,140 or above.
You’ll also need to do a Self Assessment tax return if your adjusted net income is above £150,000.
If you do not usually send a tax return, you need to register by 5 October following the tax year you had the income.
Register for Self Assessment
You’ll get a letter telling you what to do next after you’ve registered.