A sub-contractor is a self-employed person who enters into a contract for services with another contractor to do a particular job. Most contractors are in the construction industry.
Better Builders Ltd contract to build a house for A White. They
sub-contract the bricklaying to B Brown. B Brown is a self-employed
sub-contractor and not an employee of either Better Builders Ltd or
A White. When B Brown has completed the work he obtains another
contract, which may be for
1) further work with Better Builders Ltd or
2) a different contractor.