CISR12040 - The Scheme: contractors: mainstream contractors
'Mainstream contractors' are businesses that
- carry out construction work, or
- supply labour for carrying out construction work.
They include the following
- construction businesses (including foreign businesses carrying out construction work in the UK)
- property developers or speculative builders erecting and altering buildings in order to make a profit.
- Utilities,
- telecommunications
- transport network and infrastructure
- gang leaders organising labour for construction work.
These businesses are liable to operate the Construction Industry Scheme whatever the level of their expenditure on construction operations (FA04/s59 (1)(a)). Any business which is registered as a subcontractor for the purposes of CIS and subcontracts elements of its work that come within the Scheme is acting as a contractor under CIS (FA04/s57 (2)).
Construction businesses
These are businesses whose activities consist of or include carrying out construction operations for other parties and which use subcontract labour for this purpose.
Property developers
Property developers are included within the meaning of mainstream contractors because their principal business activity is the creation of buildings or other civil engineering works. The same is true of a speculative builder.
Note, however, that a 'property investment business' is not the same thing as a 'property developer'. A property investment business acquires and disposes of buildings for capital gain or uses the buildings for rental; it need not be involved in the construction of buildings. Even so, if its property estate is substantial enough, its expenditure on construction operations may well cause it to fall within the meaning of 'deemed contractor' (see CISR12050).
Other ‘Mainstream Contractors’
In addition to, the obvious mainstream contractors such as Building and Construction businesses and Property Developers, the following types of business will also fall within the mainstream contractor definition (FA04/s59(1)(a));
- Utilities (gas, electricity, water etc.);
- Telecommunications (undertaking works forming part of the land);
- Transport network & infrastructure (Construction of, roads, motorways, railways, docks, harbours, and airports).
The above is intended to be helpful. It is not, and should not be read as, an exhaustive list.
Gang leaders
Where a contractor negotiates with a gang leader to pay the gang-leader for work done by the gang and the gang leader shares out the money amongst the gang, the gang leader is a contractor for the other gang members and the original contractor only deals with one subcontractor; the gang leader.
Labour agencies
Generally labour agencies are not contractors under the scheme although they can be subcontractors. Since 6 April 1998 a labour agency that supplies workers to a contractor has been obliged under FA98/s55 to operate PAYE where the contract between the agency and the worker is a contract for services. This means that circumstances in which an agency has to operate the Construction Industry Scheme in the role of contractor are likely to be rare.
However, some labour agencies do subcontract work on, often to single person companies, rather than directly employing the worker. In these cases, the labour agency will have to operate the scheme on the payment.
Arms-Length Management Organisations
An Arms-Length Management Organisation (ALMO) is a company set up by a local authority to manage or improve all or part of its housing stock. The company is owned and run by the local authority with ‘volunteer’ directors and operates under the terms of a management agreement between the local authority and the ALMO. ALMOs are treated as contractors by virtue of s59 (1)(a) (See CISR12040) in that they are carrying on a business that includes construction operations. Such a business is not a deemed contractor nor is it a Local Authority and it cannot avail itself of the small payments exemption allowed by SI2005/2045 reg 18. (See CISR15150).
Any payment under the management agreement that passes between the Local Authority and the ALMO is not paid under a contract relating to construction operations and therefore CIS will not apply. Consequently it is unlikely that an ALMO will be a subcontractor unless they enter into contracts relating to construction operations with other concerns that are contractors.
