CIRD84200 - R&D tax relief: categories of qualifying expenditure: subcontracted activities
CTA09/Ss 1078, 1133 - 1136
The meaning of subcontracted activities is dealt with at CIRD84250. The subcontracted R&D must be directly undertaken on behalf of the company, meaning that the subcontractor must do the work itself, not further subcontract it to a third party, unless the parties are unconnected and the claim is made under the SME scheme.
The subcontracted expenditure that is within this category of qualifying expenditure is different for the SME scheme and the large company scheme.
SME scheme
For an SME company, qualifying expenditure includes payments made to another person subcontracted to carry out activities that are part of the company’s relevant R&D CIRD81400. The subcontractor does not need to be UK resident and there is no requirement for the subcontracted R&D to be performed in the UK. The actual work carried out by the subcontractor need not be R&D when looked at in isolation. For example, a company might as part of its R&D activities need to subcontract analytical testing of a material to another person who has the specialised machinery needed for the test. The testing may be well established and routine and on its own would not be R&D. But the subcontracted work will count as R&D from the perspective of the company, because it is one component of a larger project that is R&D.
SME scheme: Payment to unconnected subcontractor
If the company and the subcontractor are not connected CIRD82150 the company can claim R&D tax relief on 65 per cent of the payment it makes to the sub-contractor. The subcontractor does not have to do the work itself but can subcontract the work to a third party.
SME scheme: Payment to a connected subcontractor
The company can claim R&D tax relief on the lower of:
- the payment that it makes to the subcontractor, and
- the relevant expenditure of the subcontractor,
so long as the whole amount of the subcontract payment is brought into account in determining the subcontractor’s profit in accounts drawn up under GAAP ending within 12 months of the end of the claimant company’s accounting period for which the relief is claimed. If the subcontractor is not UK resident, the test we apply is that the subcontractor payment should be brought into account within 12 months of the claimant company’s accounting period in determining the subcontractor’s profit under the equivalent of GAAP for its country of residence.
Relevant expenditure is neither capital nor subsidised and is incurred in carrying on the subcontracted activities. The expenditure must be on:
- staffing costs (CIRD83000)
- externally provided workers (for expenditure incurred on or after 27 September 2003) (CIRD84000)
- consumable stores (this ceased to be a category of qualifying expenditure for expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2004) (CIRD82450)
- consumable items (CIRD82300) or software (CIRD82500), (these are categories of qualifying expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2004)
- subjects of clinical trials (from a date to be determined by Treasury Order, not earlier than 1 April 2006)
SME scheme: Election to be treated as connected
The company and the subcontractor may jointly elect to be treated as if they are connected even though they are not connected. Such an election applies to all payments under the same contract or arrangement and must be made by notice in writing given to an officer of the Board (in practice this would usually be the HMRC officer with responsibility for the principal’s affairs) within 2 years of the end of the principal’s accounting period in which the contract is made.
Research and Development Expenditure Credit - company contracting R&D to other persons
For a large company the expenditure on R&D contracted to other persons is generally not allowable. However it can be qualifying expenditure if it is revenue expenditure on relevant R&D and the company contracts for work to be directly undertaken by:
- a qualifying body (see CIRD82250), or
- an individual, or
- a partnership, each member of which is an individual
Note that the sub-contractor payment rules at s1134 to 1136 CTA 2009 apply to Research and Development Expenditure Credit claims which are made by small and medium size enterprises where those enterprises have qualifiyng expenditue which is subsidised.