CIRD81160 - R&D tax relief: conditions to be satisfied: total aid to project €7.5m or less (SME and vaccines schemes only)
CTA09/Ss.1113 - 1118
With effect from 1 August 2008, there is a limit of €7.5m on the total amount of aid which can go to any one R&D project. Only expenditure incurred on or after this date is counted. For the definition of a project, see para 19 of the 2004 BIS Guidelines (formerly DTI Guidelines) [CIRD81900].
For this purpose, ‘aid’ is the total benefit that the company receives from SME R&D relief and vaccines research relief (either as actual tax reduction due to additional deductions or as payable tax credits) less the value of the relief that it would have received had it been a large company entitled to large company relief. The aid is calculated over the life of the project and is s defined at CTA09/S1114 as:
For expenditure incurred between 1 August 2008 and 31 March 2016
TC + R + (P*CT) - (N*CT)
And for expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2016 (s48 Finance Act 2016)
A= (TC + R + (P*CT)) - N Note that in this formula A is the total R&D aid
Where:
| TC is the total amount of SME and vaccine tax credit paid in respect of enhanced expenditure attributable to the project. | defined at CTA09/S1115 |
|---|---|
| R is the total reduction in tax liability from setting enhanced expenditure under the SME R&D or vaccines schemes against tax (whether the liability is that of the company itself or, by way of group relief, of any other company); | defined at CTA09/S1116 |
| P - the potential relief is any enhanced expenditure under the SME R&D or vaccines schemes that has been claimed but not (at the time the calculation is made) brought into account, and; | defined at CTA09/S1117 |
| N - the notional relief is the enhanced expenditure that the company would have been able to claim had it been a large company throughout the period in question. Prior to 1 April 2016 notional relief is calculated by applying the enhancement rate for the large company scheme to the expenditure upon which the company is claiming relief on under the SME scheme. For expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2016 the notional relief is the research and development expenditure credit which the company could have claimed in the accounting period if it had been a large company throughout the period. | defined at CTA09/S1118 |
| CT is the main rate of CT when the aid is calculated. |
Example - pre 1 April 2016
C Ltd is a SME startup carrying out research into innovative beverages. In the first year of the project, in which the company has no income, €10m is spent on research, all on qualifying R&D The company is entitled to a deduction of 175% * €10m = €17.5m, all of which it can surrender for tax credit at a rate of 14% (assuming the company’s PAYE and NIC liability is sufficient). The tax credit, TC, is therefore €2,450,000. R is zero, as none of the R&D relief is used to reduce tax. P is zero, as all relief has been brought into account.
The R&D aid is therefore:
€2,450,000 + 0 + 0 - (130% * €10m*28%) = - €1,190,000
The term in brackets represents the relief that the company would have received had it been a large company - 130% of the €10m R&D expenditure. The value of this is calculated at the main corporation tax rate, currently 28% - even though for the year shown, the company would not actually have paid any corporation tax
For this year, therefore, the aid is actually a negative amount.
Any expenditure which fails to qualify for SME or vaccines R&D relief because of this restriction is eligible instead for large company relief, provided it meets the normal conditions for that relief and is not qualifying sub-contracted R&D expenditure of the SME (CTA09/S1073)
Example - post 1 April 2016
C Ltd is a SME startup carrying out research into innovative beverages. In the first year of the project, in which the company has no income, €10m is spent on research, all on qualifying R&D. The company is entitled to RDEC (we are assuming that the expenditure which qualifies under the SME scheme also qualifies for RDEC) of €1,200,000 (€10m at 12%) and under the SME scheme a deduction of 230% * €10m = €23m, all of which it can surrender for tax credit at a rate of 14.5% (assuming the company’s PAYE and NIC liability is sufficient). The tax credit, TC, is therefore €3,335,000. R is zero, as none of the R&D relief is used to reduce tax. P is zero, as all relief has been brought into account.
The R&D aid is therefore:
€3,350,000 + 0 + 0 - €1,200,000 = €2,135,000
Any expenditure which fails to qualify for SME or vaccines R&D relief because of this restriction is eligible instead for Research and Development Expenditure Creditided provided that it meets the conditions for that relief.